WEEK 2

Picking up where we last left off, it would be worthwhile for us to plan a “field trip” to Space Center Houston where we will be able to see many of the actual spacecraft we will be discussing over the next several weeks. In order to get you in at no cost, and in order to avoid the crowds we will probably need to plan this trip early in the morning (~6 AM).

Please let me know if this is something you would have difficulty participating in.
Fortunately we can get into Space Center Houston and also the Saturn V building without any difficulty. I am unable to arrange to bring foreign citizens inside of the Johnson Space Center facilities.

AN OVERVIEW OF THIS WEEK’s MATERIAL
Our subjects this week are the roles of humans in space, how they compare with the roles of machines, some of the physiological, psychological, and psycho-social aspects and difficulties of humans during spaceflight, and then how these are assimilated into the design of past spacecraft.

Our focus in this course will not primarily be on human physiology; I expect that this will be the focus of most of your other courses in this graduate program, however all of the principles we review this week will be important for factoring into aspects of the design of spacecraft. We will spend a bit more time on the physiology and human physical aspects next week as well.

There are 4 PowerPoints that cover this week’s work:

1: Man and Machine
Slide 2 highlights the different aspects of space habitat design we will be covering during the course of the semester. Much of it is introductory in nature and picks up and ends with the Explore! Theme of the first week.
Slide 3 shows past spacecraft, and 4 shows current and perhaps future space habitats.
Slide 5 illustrates what people thought we’d be doing in space more than fifty years ago, in a famous piece of art by the noted space illustrator Chesley Bonestell, and a comparison view from the first year of the space station program, with what we thought we’d be doing in space after about ten years.
Slide 6 illustrates that 1984 concept with current actual images of ISS, Shuttle and the Hubble telescope.
Slides 7-8 – We will be covering a lot of the basic terminology of space life sciences, human factors and habitability during the course of this week’s material.
Slides 9 – 12 – Although people have been flying in space for nearly fifty years, the total amount of experience is not tremendous and these paes provide some of the stats.
Slides 13 – 59 – Provides an overview of the effects of space travel on humans.

2: Physiology of Spaceflight
Set 1, above, and particularly slides 13-59 provide an overview of the physiological effects of the space environment on the human.
Set 2, is primarily an overview of the physiological factors of the spacecraft and systems, and how they must be designed in order to protect for human sensitivities.

3: Psychosocial Issues in Space Flight
While we’ve focused mainly on human physiological concerns (set 1) and ways in which spacecraft can be designed in order to mitigate those concerns (set 2), set 3 reviews psychological and psychosocial aspects of spaceflight, especially as they are instigated by remote operations, isolated in a hostile environment. Mainly we look at three earth-based case studies and how the outcomes reflected in these may have implications for space missions. Several personality assessment methods are highlighted.

4. Human Factors
Here we will talk about what is considered in human factors and methods that are used in assessing human factors of a habitat design. As examples of the use of these methods, we review in several pages some of the physical tools used in designing the space station and other space habitats. We start back at the beginnings of the space station program in the mid-1980s, and then take a look at the present day configuration of the space station and whether (or not) the work done 25 years ago translated into the space station as it flies today.

5. Habitability in Spacecraft Design
I am providing this set of slides although this will mainly be part of week 3, when we get more into the design considerations of individual spacecraft. However I am providing this because starting with page 56, I provide some examples of other school’s projects that are similar to your semester long class project. Please take a look but we will spend more time on the individual spacecraft, systems as well as environmental effects over the next several weeks.

There are a number of referenced web pages, including YOUTUBE videos that are identified in the different PowerPoints. For your ease of selection on the computer, these are provided here. One reference URL I provide is for the ISS Reference Guide. This is the digital version of the book I wrote a couple years ago. If you visit my office, either at the University or my OX office at NASA, we can provide you with a hardcopy of the book.

Human factors in commercial suborbital flight: What does acceleration do to the human body?
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/402/1

Heavy ions light flashes and brain functions: recent observations at accelerators and in spaceflight
http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1367-2630/10/7/075010/njp8_7_075010.html

Earth to Mars in 39 Days
http://io9.com/5323516/earth-to-mars-in-39-days

Space Flight Simulation Study to Study Effects of Microgravity Through Long Term Bed Rest (FAP)
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00891449

Robots v. Humans: Who Should Explore Space? http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461576326/robots_v_humans_who_should_explore_space_.html

Roles of Humans and Robots as Field Geologists on the Moon
http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/library/LB2-401-HumanAndRobotFieldGeologists.pdf

Astronaut Explorers
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=astronaut-explorers&page=1

Interview: The driver behind NASA's Mars Rovers
http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/199499/interview_driver_behind_nasa_mars_rovers

Roles of Humans and Robots in Exploring the Solar System http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V1N-4COTBJ2-2&_user=2744299&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000058662&_version=1&_urlVersion=O&_userid=2744299&md5=731281e42a62f7d0778bb5161090d540

NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI)
http://www.google.com/search?q=neo-pi&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a

Leadership Structures
http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/lewin_style.htm

Management Grid
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_73.htm

Leadership vs. Management
http://ezinearticles.com/?Abraham-Zaleznik-on-Leadership&id=923110

The Ben Franklin Submersible
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/FRANKLIN/HTML/ben_franklin.html

Diving in the Huautla Cave
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yefQb1y6uQg

ISS Reference Guide
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/ISS_Reference_Guide.html

Interactive ISS Reference Guide
http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/

Video of John Glenn Inside of Mercury Spacecraft
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5soUes2-LrU&feature=related

Videos of Gemini Missions Showing Spacecraft

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMKcDsdXWB0&feature=PlayList&p=DCA272E671AA3D78&index=0&playnext=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qURM12UZxcg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGkU7RuBzi8&feature=channel

Videos of Apollo Command Service Modules

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fs8gkiap6U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4KcmbsFWsA&feature=related

Video of Vostok 1 providing good views inside spacescraft

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2C1FkPz5vU&feature=related

Videos of Voskhod Mission providing good views inside spacescraft

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G0E3Jw_er0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtanDrCZnW0&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fts1543xPRE&feature=related

Video of Skylab providing good views of interior

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sa-_Knre68&feature=channel

Video of Tour inside of Mir

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBONpY3TxN8&feature=related

Video Tour Inside of ISS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgBgmw-2U8c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-yIqxoMBVU&feature=channel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srQdr6kGii4&feature=channel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lswCuvcA7YQ&feature=channel

Video Inside of Apollo 11 LM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWCrQm4CQ_g

Apollo Over the Moon: The View From Orbit

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/documents/NASA%20SP-362.pdf

Geology of the Terrestrial Planets

http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850010579

Geologic History of the Moon

http://ser.sese.asu.edu/GHM/

Traces of Catastrophe

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/books/CB-954/chapter3.pdf